AGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING PROJECT TOPICS AND MATERIALS

Poultry are collection of birds raised commercially or domestically for meat, egg and feathers. Chickens, ducks turkeys and geese are of primary importance while guinea fowl and squabs (pigeons) are chiefly of local interest. These birds are source of income and food to the rarer. In the past only hens that could no longer produce eggs were killed and sold for meat but by the mid-20th century, meat production had outstripped egg. Production as a specialized industry (Encycloparredia Britaimca, 1988). Heavy breed poultry animals are used for meat white light bread chickens are primarily for the production of eggs (Mc Graw Hill encydopaedia 1992). The meat and eggs produced from poultry are important sources of dietary portion. In Africa, animal protein foods from all sources contribute between 7g and 15g daily per person to the total food intake (Oyenyga, 1974). Today, Poultry production in the country is increasing at a tremendous rate and yet cannot meet the demand because of population growth and the awareness created by the campaigns for the need of animal protein in the diet.

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Yam and cassava production are major enterprises in agriculture and are becoming increasingly popular owing to greater appreciation of their food value. Yam and cassava are staple food crops, being the source of daily carbohydrate intake for a large populace of the world (FAO, 1990). The carbohydrates are mostly starchy in nature, found in storage organs, which may be enlarged roots or tubers (O’ Hair, 1990). Yam and cassava are the most important of all the arable food crops grown in the southern agro-ecological zones of Nigeria, closely followed, inorder of economic importance by maize and rice. They were regarded as food mainly for the poor, and hence played a very minor role in international trade. This misconception has lingered for so long because of lack of appreciation of the number of people who depend on these crops, and the number of lives that have been saved during famine or disasters by these crops (FAO, 1990). Yam and cassava are often the main dietary staple for low income consumers. They are grown by farmers as subsistence crops on small plots of land ranging from two to twenty hectares depending on the region. In Africa, yam and cassava are usually subsistence crops grown mainly as food, so the farmers keep sufficient to feed his family and sells only the surplus. However there is now a growing commercial market for them.

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TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page———i Certification——–ii Dedication———iii Acknowledgement——-iv Abstract ———vi Table of Content——–vii Chapter One 1.0 Introduction ——-1 1.1 Statement of Problem——4 1.2 Purpose of the Study——5

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TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page———i Certification——–ii Dedication———iii Acknowledgement——-iv Abstract ———vi Table of Content——–vii Chapter One 1.0 Introduction ——-1 1.1 Statement of Problem——4 1.2 Purpose of the Study——5 1.3 Significance of Study——8 1.4 Limitation——–9 1.5 Scope of Study——-11 Chapter Two 2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12 2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19 Chapter Three 3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22 3.1 Population ——–22 3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22 3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23 3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23 3.5 Data Analysis——-23 Chapter Four 4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24 4.1 Analysis and interpretation of Data—25 4.2 Discussion of Results——38 Chapter Five 5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation –40 5.1 Summary——–40 5.2 Conclusion——–41 5.3 Recommendation——42 References ———45 Appendix 1——–47 Appendix ———50

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Until now, the main application of BSG has been as an animal feed (mainly for cattle), due to its high content of protein and fibre. As an animal feed, BSG can be employed either as a wet residue, shortly after separation from the wort at lautering, or as a dried material (O¨ ztu¨rk et al., 2002; Townsley, 1979). According to Huige (1994) BSG is an excellent feed ingredient for ruminants since it can be combined with inexpensive nitrogen sources, such as urea, to provide all the essential amino acids. In addition to its high nutritional value, BSG is reported to promote increased milk production without affecting animal fertility (Belibasakis and Tsirgogianni, 1996; Reinold, 1997; Sawadogo et al., 1989). When BSG was incorporated into the diet of cows, milk yield, milk total solid content and milk fat yield were increased. On the other hand, blood plasma concentrations of glucose, total protein, albumin, urea, triglycerides, cholesterol, phospholipids, sodium, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium were not affected (Belibasakis and Tsirgogianni, 1996).

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TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page———i Certification——–ii Dedication———iii Acknowledgement——-iv Abstract ———vi Table of Content——–vii Chapter One 1.0 Introduction ——-1 1.1 Statement of Problem——4 1.2 Purpose of the Study——5 1.3 Significance of Study——8

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TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page———i Certification——–ii Dedication———iii Acknowledgement——-iv Abstract ———vi Table of Content——–vii Chapter One 1.0 Introduction ——-1 1.1 Statement of Problem——4 1.2 Purpose of the Study——5 1.3 Significance of Study——8 1.4 Limitation——–9 1.5 Scope of Study——-11 Chapter Two 2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12 2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19 Chapter Three 3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22 3.1 Population ——–22 3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22 3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23 3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23 3.5 Data Analysis——-23 Chapter Four 4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24 4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25 4.2 Discussion of Results——38 Chapter Five 5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation –40 5.1 Summary——–40 5.2 Conclusion——–41 5.3 Recommendation——42 References ———45 Appendix 1——–47 Appendix ———50

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TABLE OF CONTENT Title Page———i Certification——–ii Dedication———iii Acknowledgement——-iv Abstract ———vi Table of Content——–vii Chapter One 1.0 Introduction ——-1 1.1 Statement of Problem——4 1.2 Purpose of the Study——5 1.3 Significance of Study——8 1.4 Limitation——–9 1.5 Scope of Study——-11 Chapter Two 2.0 Review of Related Literature —-12 2.6 Summary of Literature Review—- 19 Chapter Three 3.0 Research Methodology and Procedure—22 3.1 Population ——–22 3.2 Sample and Sampling Technique—-22 3.3 Validation of the Instrument —-23 3.4 Reliability of the Instrument —–23 3.5 Data Analysis——-23 Chapter Four 4.0 Presentation and Discussion of Result—24 4.1 Analysis and interpretaion of Data—25 4.2 Discussion of Results——38 Chapter Five 5.0 Summary, Conclusion and Recommendation –40 5.1 Summary——–40 5.2 Conclusion——–41 5.3 Recommendation——42 References ———45 Appendix 1——–47 Appendix ———50

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A solar powered evaporative cooling system of 0.6 m3 capacity was designed and constructed to increase the shelf life of stored vegetables. The evaporative cooler was tested and evaluated using tomato (Roma). The equipment operates on the principle of evaporative cooling and increasing the relative humidity (RH) in the preservation chamber. The storage system was made up of aluminum sheets of 1 mm thick while a side of the system is made of jute pad which get moist by water flowing through a series of perforated pipe from the reservoir located at the top of the storage system. The water flows with the influence of gravity. The RH and weight loss of tomato was statistically analyzed using student T – test and the result revealed that there was significant difference in using the evaporative cooling system for storing tomatoes as compared to ambient condition. The average cooling efficiency was found to be 83 %. The temperature in the system dropped drastically when compared to the ambient condition which ranges from 6 to 10°C and the relative humidity in the cooling chamber increased considerably to 85 %.

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The review of literature is necessary because the new knowledge to be derived from the new study has to fit into the body of already existing knowledge i.e. every new findings should be rooted in known theories and principles. Literature review should start with ...

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Researchers found it difficult in writing a good research. They do not have much information for all the chapters. Thus, their academic work was not approved by their supervisor for defense. It pains the student to write again and again until they finally resolve...

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